I think we're in danger of drifting very far from the original point here.

I'm not a sociologist, so I'm undoubtedly missing some points here, but some obvious factors include the aforementioned poverty, including lower standards of education and educational resources in poorer areas (this is the main source of the school-to-prison pipeline), example set by peers and public figures (rappers spring to mind), parental engagement, the narrative, sometimes correct, but oftentimes not, that black people are doomed to fail if they try to succeed by conventional means, on and on.

Again, all of these issues, except the last I guess, can be attacked without ever focusing on skin colour. They affect all children. But poor kids disproportionately. If, in the process of addressing those issues, you help a disproportionate number of black kids, great! That's what you'd expect to see. But if you tell yourself and those kids that the issue is "racism" you make it almost impossible to really address the nuance.