I think you're absolutely right about the damage social media is doing to our psychology and discourse, but I disagree that this is most vivid in the conservatives. Conservatives blame "the left" and liberals blacme "the right". In both cases, "left" and "right" are just shorthand for "everybody who isn't in my echo chamber".
I've lost track of the number of times I've been called right-wing, which is so ridiculous it's hilarious, but some people simply don't know how to think in any more nuanceed terms.
If you says something they don't feel good about (not even disagree with mind you, disagreement takes thought. I just mean, that feels uncomfortable to them), they won't think about it or engage, they'll just decide that this single thought means that you're on "the other side".
As I said, both conservatives and liberals are guilty of this at the fringes.
But yes, as you say, the bigger problem is that social media encourages and even supercharges this type of thinking by feeding people more and more of the points of view they find comfortable and les of anything that challenges them.
So when you tell somebody that's grown up with a social media feed insisting that they're victims and that the police kill them for fun and that America is more racist today than it was in 1960, it's very hard to tell them any different. Worst of all, you're seen as the enemy for trying.